何为高层建筑火灾中的“烟囱效应”？知道这些很重要！
<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><p style="text-align: center;">现代都市中<br/></p><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">高楼大厦成为城市的代名词</section><section style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">但随之而来的火灾事故也逐渐增多</section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(248, 249, 253);padding: 19px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年6月16日，英国伦敦一高层公寓四楼的冰箱起火，火势通过外墙保温层迅速蔓延，不到半小时，自四楼蔓延至24楼顶层，封锁了逃生通道，导致71人不幸丧生。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统计数据显示</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2022年我国高层建筑火灾达1.7万起</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">死亡260人，伤252人</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高层建筑体量庞大、功能复杂<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人员密集，火灾荷载大</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一旦发生火灾</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">极易形成“烟囱效应”</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使得人员疏散及火灾扑救变得困难</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进而造成重大人员伤亡</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: -12px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(69, 107, 176);min-width: 5%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">什么是烟囱效应？</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">烟囱效应是指空气沿着垂直坡度的空间向上升或下降，从而加强空气对流的现象。</strong>即在有共享中庭、竖向通风（排烟）风道、楼梯间等具有类似烟囱特征的建筑物、构筑物（如水塔）中，空气（包括烟气）靠密度差的作用，沿着通道很快进行扩散或排出建筑物的现象。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高层建筑内部有大量<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">管道、竖井、楼梯间排气道</strong>等横竖向通道，实验证明，在无阻挡情况下，烟气在水平方向的扩散速度为 0.3m/s～0.8m/s。在垂直方向的扩散速度为 3～5m/s。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(69, 107, 176);box-sizing: border-box;">烟气从一座30层、高约100米的建筑一楼至顶楼仅需30秒！</span></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一旦发生火灾，这些部位便变成通风的“烟囱”，助长火势蔓延，整栋建筑可瞬间形成立体火场，产生的有毒烟气往楼道蔓延，造成人员伤亡。</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高层住户请留意烟囱效应的危害</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小习惯，大隐患</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">注意以下事项，人身安全守好门</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 50%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防火门的真正作用是拦截烟火并延缓火势蔓延。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如果常期敞开着，就等于没有防火门的存在，一旦烟火失控，火势将迅速升腾，形成“烟囱效应”，给人员疏散逃生带来巨大威胁。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请随手关好防火门，严禁私自拆除和改造。</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，高层管道井火灾频发，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">未封堵和堆放可燃杂物</strong>是火势蔓延扩大的主要原因。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">一旦发生火灾，管道井内如烟囱般加速火势向上蔓延，浓烟在楼道里聚集，极易造成伤亡。高层民用建筑的电缆井、管道井等应在每层楼板处进行防火封堵，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">严禁在管道井内堆放杂物。</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高层火灾扑救的难度极大，主要依赖建筑的自防自救，在建造时有严格消防安全要求和防火设计标准，但在日常使用中，由于维护管理不当，消防器材被挪用，消火栓无水，自动消防设施瘫痪等问题突出。火灾一旦发生，设施成摆设，扑救疏散困难重重。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">物业管理部门要定期检验、维修消防设施、器材，确保完好有效。住户爱护消防设施器材，破坏或擅自挪用不可行。</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">90%的电动车火灾伤亡，皆发生在门厅、楼道，一旦起火，有毒烟气顺楼道蔓延，封堵逃生通道，居民生命财产，威胁近在咫尺。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共门厅、疏散走道、楼梯间、安全出口，停放电动车或充电，这些都是禁区。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">物业管理部门需设置专用充电场所，加强日常维护管理，安全重于泰山。</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小习惯，大隐患，夺命仅需一百秒，疾风知劲草，人生无常，必须提高警觉。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">楼道不仅是居民行走的公共通道，更是发生意外事故时逃生的生命通道。一旦堆放杂物，既影响整体环境卫生，又存在极大的安全隐患，易引发火灾且影响人员疏散。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">为了您和他人的生命安全，请不要私自占用和堆放杂物。</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgb(231, 236, 248);padding: 24px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾难不会预先告知，居安思危才能防患未然。经常参加灭火逃生演习，可在突发状况下，快速找到应对措施，最大限度减少伤亡和财产损失。生命无彩排，“演练”非“演戏”，让我们一同行动起来。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"/></p><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不管你在哪里</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">请做到人走电断、人走阀关</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小火快跑、浓烟关门</p></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;">▌素材来源：合肥消防</p></section></section><link rel="stylesheet" href="//bbs.221700.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_HXy" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 高层楼房的楼梯禁止堆放杂物可是大多高层都是堆放杂物 空纸箱塑料瓶等杂物
管理起来难度大 物业劝说多次 依然摆放
很多住户认为放杂物怎么了 又不犯法
这种观念很多人都存在
但是一旦发生事故
这救命的通道 将会成为吞噬生命的障碍
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